Hebrew
in order to say the Amida with the congregation, then say abi יהוה qa after Maariv, without the final blessing .[משניב, שם: יא] Laws of Keri‘at Shema al HaMita (the Shema Before Sleep at Night) 409 Keriat Shema al HaMita should be said before retiring, when one is feeling sleepy משניב או"ח, רלט:ג] |, after which one should not eat, drink or speak ] שם:א xm].
LAWS OF HAND-WASHING, HAMOTZI AND BIRKAT HAMAZON
410 Before eating bread, one is required to wash one’s hands [x א"ח קנח yw]. After washing but before drying the hands, one says the blessing oy now ;על however, if one forgot, one may say the blessing after one’s hands are dry שם: יא] xm]. One should dry one’s hands carefully before touching the bread [3 ow [שו"ע, 411 Hands should be washed using a cup or other container that holds at least a revi it (about 4.4 ounces) of liquid א"ח קנט: א] yw]. Holding one’s hands under flowing water is not valid [t:ow yw]. 412 One should wash each hand up to the wrist, although the minimum requirement is to wash the fingers up to the knuckle furthest from the nail או"ח, קסא: ד] yw]. Hands should be free of dirt or other material that one normally removes. In addition, rings should be removed before washing [1-x .[שם: 413 If the hands are clean, it is sufficient to pour water once on each hand ] שו"ע או"ה, ,[קסב: ב but twice on each hand is preferable כא] ow [מ"ב 414 After washing, one should take care not to allow one’s wet hands to touch the unwashed hands of another. If they do so, one must dry them and wash them again [שו"ע שם, ד] 415 If one makes the blessing הָארֶץ 72 ond הַמועִיא on bread, no blessing need be said on foods that are part of the meal. If one eats foods that are not eaten with bread or are not part of the meal, such as fruit eaten as dessert, they require a separate blessing א] syp [שו"ע, | 416 If wine is served during the meal, the blessing 7737 19 בוא must be said, as the blessing on bread does not cover wine או"ח, קעד: א] yw]. But if wine is drunk be- fore the meal (or as part of Kiddush), the blessing need not be repeated when drinking wine during the meal .[שם: ד]
English
beginning and end ofa service. It is said by one who is either (a) in mourning for | a relative, or (b) commemorating the yahrzeit of a relative. When no such person is present, the Mourner’s Kaddish is generally omitted, except after Aleinu at the | when it is said by one whose parents have died ,[רמ"א או"ח, קלב: ב ] end of Shaharit | or whose parents do not object to their child saying the Mourner’s Kaddish [nw]. | Historically, the Mourner’s Kaddish was said by one individual. A set of rules 402 | developed for allocating among different mourners the various opportunities Today, most congregations allow ..[ביאור הלכה, שם; קונטרס מאמר קדישין, >[ for saying it | group recitation of the Mourner’s Kaddish. In such cases, they should say the | words in unison [yay .[סידור
Laws of the Minha Amida 403 There isa set time period every afternoon during which the Minha Amida may be said. At the earliest, one may say the Amida one half ofa halakhic “hour” from midday (a halakhic hour is {2 of the day measured from daybreak to nightfall). At the latest, the Amida must be said before nightfall. It is preferable to say the Amida at least 3% halakhic “hours” after midday ] או"ח, רלג: א pnw]. 404 One should wash hands before saying Minha, even if they are not dirty; but if no water is available, one need not wash או"ח, רלג: ב] y"w’]. No blessing is said on the hand-washing.
Laws of the Evening Shema and Maariv 405 There isa set time period every night during which the Shema may be said. At the earliest, one may say the Shema from nightfall או"ח, רלה: א] yw]. It is prefer- able to say the Shema before midnight (measured from nightfall to daybreak), but one is permitted to say the Shema until daybreak [3:0v). 406 Some congregations hold Maariv services early, with the result that the com- munal recitation of the Shema in Ma‘ariv may take place too early to fulfill the halakhic obligation. Under such circumstances, one should repeat all three paragraphs of Shema after nightfall [x:ow yw]. 407 If one enters the synagogue and hears the congregation about to begin saying the Amida, one should say the Amida together with the congregation, then after- ward say the Shema with its preceding and following blessings או"ח, רלו:ג] yw]. 408 After the blessings of the Shema, the congregation says יהוה לְעלֶם na (page 279), except in Israel. One who begins Ma’ariv late should omit לְעוּלֶם ma yma
Sephardi
in order to say the Amida with the congregation, then say abi yhvh qa after Maariv, without the final blessing .[mshnyv, shm: y] Laws of Keri‘at Shema al Ha Mita (the Shema Before Sleep at Night) 409 Keriat Shema al Ha Mita should be said before retiring, when one is feeling sleepy mshnyv v"ch, rlt:g] |, after which one should not eat, drink or speak ] shm: xm]. LAWS OF HAND-WASHING, HAMOTZI AND BIRKAT HAMAZON 410 Before eating bread, one is required to wash one’s hands [x "ch knch yw]. After washing but before drying the hands, one says the blessing oy now ;l however, if one forgot, one may say the blessing after one’s hands are dry shm: y] xm]. One should dry one’s hands carefully before touching the bread [3 ow [shv", 411 Hands should be washed using a cup or other container that holds at least a revi it (about 4.4 ounces) of liquid "ch knt: ] yw]. Holding one’s hands under flowing water is not valid [t:ow yw]. 412 One should wash each hand up to the wrist, although the minimum requirement is to wash the fingers up to the knuckle furthest from the nail v"ch, ks: d] yw]. Hands should be free of dirt or other material that one normally removes. In addition, rings should be removed before washing [1-x .[shm: 413 If the hands are clean, it is sufficient to pour water once on each hand ] shv" v"h, ,[ksv: v but twice on each hand is preferable ch] ow [m"v 414 After washing, one should take care not to allow one’s wet hands to touch the unwashed hands of another. If they do so, one must dry them and wash them again [shv" shm, d] 415 If one makes the blessing hrtz 72 ond hmvy on bread, no blessing need be said on foods that are part of the meal. If one eats foods that are not eaten with bread or are not part of the meal, such as fruit eaten as dessert, they require a separate blessing ] syp [shv", | 416 If wine is served during the meal, the blessing 7737 19 vv must be said, as the blessing on bread does not cover wine v"ch, kd: ] yw]. But if wine is drunk be- fore the meal (or as part of Kiddush), the blessing need not be repeated when drinking wine during the meal .[shm: d]